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Apigenin is a bioflavone, considered to have a bioactive effect on human
health as antioxidant, radical scavenger, anti-inflammatory, carbohydrate
metabolism promoter, immunity system modulater.
Flavonoid is any member of a class of widely distributed biological
natural products containing aromatic heterocyclic skeleton of flavan
(2-Phenylbenzopyran) but no nitrogen in plants. Generally, flavonoids are
biological pigments providing colours from red to blue in flowers, fruit
and leaves. Besides their coloring in plants, flavonoids have important
roles in the growth and development of plants; protection against UV-B
radiation; forming antifungal barriers; antimicrobial, insecticidal and
oestrogenic activities; plant reproduction. Flavonoids also exhibit a wide
range of biological properties including anti-microbial, insecticidal and
oestrogenic activities. Flavonoids are usually classified into main 6
subgroups as below plus flavans, neoflavonoids, flavonols, aurons,
catechins according to the structural patterns.
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Flavonols (Hydroxy derivatives of
flavone): Fisetin, Galangin, Kaempferide, Kaempferol, Morin, Myricetin,
Myricitrin, Quercetin, Quercetrin, Rhamnetin, Robinin, Rutin,
Spirenoside
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Flavones (skeleton:
2-phenylchromen-4-one): Apigenin, Baicalein, Chrysin, Diosmetin, Diosmin,
Flavone, Luteolin, Rpoifolin,Tangeretin,
Techtochrysin, Rhamnazin, Nobiletin, Natsudaidain.
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Isoflavones (skeleton:
3-phenylchromen-4-one): Daidzin, Genistein, Irilone, Luteone, Prunetin,
Pratensein,
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Flavonones (derivation by reduction of
the 2(3) C=C bond): Eriodictyol, Hesperidin, Hesperetin, Likvirtin,
Naringin; Naringenin; Pinocembrin
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Flavanols (derivation by reduction of
the keto group):(+)-Catechin, (+)-Gallocatechin, (-)-Epicatechin (EC),
(-)-Epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-Epicatechin 3-gallate (ECG), (-)-Epigallocatechin
3-gallate (EGCG), Theaflavin, Theaflavin 3-gallate, Theaflavin
3'-gallate, Theaflavin 3,3' digallate, Thearubigins
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Anthocyanidins (aglycones of the glycoside anthocyanins): Apigeninidin,
Cyanidin, Delphinidin, Diosmetinidin, Guibourtinidin, Fisetinidin,
Luteolinidin, Malvidin, Pelargonidin, Peonidin, Robinetinidin,
Tricetinidin, Capensinidin, Petunidin, Europinidin, Aurentinidin,
Columnidin, 5-Desoxy-malvidin, 5-Desoxy-peonidin, Hirsutinidin,
Rosinidin
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