|
Pygeum is derived from the bark of an African evergreen tree, Prunus
africana. Research has shown that Pygeum is anti-inflammatory and
anti-edema, and of benefit to men with prostate gland problems. Pygeum bark
contains three groups of active constituents: phytosterols (including beta-sitosterol),
pentacyclic triterpenoids (including ursolic and oleaic acids) and ferulic
esters of long-chain fatty alcohols (including ferulic esters of docosanol
and tetracosanol). The Pygeum is standardized to contain 13% total sterols.
Pygeum contains three groups of active components: Phytosterols such as
beta-sitosterol; pentacyclic triterpenoids, such as ursolic and oleanic
acids; and ferulic esters of fatty alcohols, particularly the ferulic esters
of docosanol and tetra-cosanol. The phytosterols constituents, beta-sitosterol
and beta-sitosterone , particularly beta-sitosterol are found in numerous
plants and are anti-inflammatory, inhibiting the synthesis of
prostaglandins. Beta-sitosterol, the most important of the three, interferes
with the formation of prostaglandins that cause inflammation and swelling in
the prostate. Beta-sitosterol has been shown to be useful in cases of BPH by
helping to reduce the normally elevated levels of prostaglandins in these
patients. The elimination of the excess blood and vasal congestion helps
reduce the size of prostate adenomas. The pentacyclic triter-penoids (urosolic,
oleanic and crataegolic acids), also help inhibit inflammation by blocking
enzymatic activity. They are effective anti-edema agents and also help
increase the integrity of small veins and capillaries. The third active
group, the ferulic esters (n-docosanol and tetracosanol), long-chain fatty
acids, act by inhibiting the absorption and metabolism of cholesterol and
combat enlargement by reducing levels of prolactin, a hormone which promotes
uptake of growth-promoting testosterone in the prostate. Both prolactin and
cholesterol increases binding sites for DHT in the prostate. BPH and other
cases of enlarged prostates are characterized by containing abnormally high
levels of cholesterol. Pygeum also inhibits protein kinase C-induced
proliferation of prostate cells
BPH is a condition which occurs when an enlarged prostate begins to press
upon the urethra, causing bladder discomfort and resulting in many unwanted
trips to the bathroom. Approximately 50% of American men over the age of
fifty suffer from this condition. The three compounds in Pygeum bark that
actively combat BPH are beta-sitosterol, pentacyclic terpenes, and ferulic
esters.
Beta sitosterol is a phytosterol which exerts an anti-inflammatory effect
on the prostate region by interfering with the formation of pro-inflammatory
prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are a group of hormone like fatty acids which
tend to accumulate in the prostate of men with BPH. Penacyclic terpenes have
a decongesting effect and also reduce swelling. Ferulic esters are
constituents in Pygeum which work to reduce levels of the hormone prolactin
and block cholesterol in the prostate. Prolactin is a hormone which
increases testosterone in the prostate. Enzymes in the body convert
testosterone into the more potent hormone dihydrotestosterone, a substance
which promotes prostate swelling. The presence of ferulic esters in Pygeum
prevents the over-production of these hormones.
Pygeum has been approved for treating mild to moderate BPH in Europe
since the early 1970s. The bark appears to work by reducing inflammation,
promoting urination, and ridding the prostate of cholesterol deposits that
can occur with BPH. Symptoms of prostate problems may ease as a result.
Pygeum’s use in treating impotence and male infertility has also been
explored.
|